Saturday, 3 October 2026

Nacresertib

 

Nacresertib

CAS 2629977-59-7

MF C22H26N4O4, 410.5 g/mol

N-[2-(4-hydroxy-4-methylcyclohexyl)-6-methoxyindazol-5-yl]-6-methyl-1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-2-carboxamide

2-({2-[(1r,4r)-4-hydroxy-4-methylcyclohexyl]-6-methoxy-2H-indazol-5-yl}carbamoyl)-6-methylpyridine
1-oxide
serine/threonine kinase inhibitor, MB3QBD4BE7,

SYN

compound 001 [WO2021057785]

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2021057785&_cid=P20-MLN614-09477-1

Example 1: Synthesis of Compound 001

ynthesis of compound 001, namely 2-((2-(trans-4-hydroxy-cis-4-methylcyclohexyl)-6-methoxy-2H-indazol-5-yl)carbamoyl)-6-methylpyridine 1-oxide [0133]

[0134]Cesium carbonate (985 mg) was added to 5 mL of a DMF solution containing compound 12 (300 mg) and compound 5 (344 mg) at 25°C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 90°C for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was then added to 30 mL of water and extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL * 3). The organic phase was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a column (CH3CN : 

H2O ( 0.1 % NH4HCO3 ) = 15-45%, UV: 214 nm, flow rate: 15 mL/min) to obtain compound 001 (70 mg, yield 17%).[0135]

1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6): δ14.16(s,1H),8.78(s,1H),8.34(s,1H),8.32-8.30(m,1H),7.77(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.58(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.13(s,1 H),4.45(s,1H),4.43-4.40(m,1H),3.95(s,3H),2.53(s,3H),2.09-2.00(m,4H),1.68-1.58(m,4H),1.22(s,3H).LCMS: Rt=3.646min,[M+H] + =411.1.

SYN

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2022194252&_cid=P20-MLN5V2-06374-1

2-((2-(trans-4-hydroxy-cis-4-methylcyclohexyl)-6-methoxy-2H-indazol-5-yl)carbamoyl)-6-methylpyridine 1-oxide as shown in the following formula:

[0257](1) Synthesis of compound 3 

[0258]DMAP (42.5 g), compound 2 (63.4 g), and triethylamine (63.9 g) were added sequentially to a 500 mL solution of compound 1 (50 g) in dichloromethane at 15°C, and the mixture was stirred at 25°C for 18 hours. Dichloromethane (200 mL) was added to the reaction mixture, followed by washing with water (300 mL × 2), then with 1 M dilute hydrochloric acid (300 mL × 3). The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 98 g of a yellow solid, yield: 99% (i.e., compound 3). 

[0259](2) Synthesis of compound 4 

[0260]1M dilute hydrochloric acid (300 mL) was added to a tetrahydrofuran solution (50 g) of compound 3 at 15°C, and the mixture was stirred at 25°C for 20 hours. The mixture was cooled to 0°C. The pH was adjusted to 9 with 1M sodium hydroxide solution. Extraction was performed with ethyl acetate (200 mL × 3). The extract was washed with saturated sodium chloride solution (300 mL). The solution was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The mixture was filtered. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was slurried with petroleum ether (150 mL) to give 39 g of a white solid, 91% yield (i.e., compound 4). 

[0261](3) Synthesis of compounds 5 & 6 

[0262]At -40°C, a tetrahydrofuran solution (200 mL) of compound 4 (34.5 g) was added dropwise to a tetrahydrofuran solution (500 mL) of methyl magnesium bromide (85.8 mL). The mixture was stirred at -40°C for 4 hours. The reaction was quenched with a saturated ammonium chloride solution (100 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (500 mL × 3). The extract was washed with saturated brine (300 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 5:1) to give a colorless oily compound 5 (4.3 g, 10%), a colorless oily compound 6 (7.0 g, 17%), and a mixture of 12 g. 

[0263]Compound 5 

[0264]

1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl3 ) : δ7.79(d,J=8.0Hz,2H), 7.32(d,J=8.4Hz,2H), 4.52-4.41(m,1H), 2.44(s,3H), 1.95-1.80(m,2H), 1.77-1.61(m,4H), 1.46-1.35(m,2H), 1.19(s,3H). 

[0265]Compound 6 

[0266]

1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl3 ) : δ7.79(d,J=8.4Hz,2H), 7.33(d,J=8.0Hz,2H), 4.74-4.64(m,1H), 2.44(s,3H), 1.92-1.79(m,2H), 1.77-1.62(m,4H), 1.49-1.38(m,2H), 1.23(s,3H). 

[0267](4) Synthesis of compound 8 

[0268]A mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid (1.6 mL, 98%) and nitric acid (1.6 mL, 70%) was added dropwise to a solution of compound 7 (2.0 g) in concentrated sulfuric acid (12 mL, 98%) at -15°C. After the addition was complete, the mixture was stirred at -15°C for 2 hours. The reaction solution was then slowly poured into ice water and stirred for 5 minutes. The mixture was filtered, washed with water, and the solid was collected and dried under reduced pressure to give 2.5 g of a yellow solid, yield: 97% (i.e., compound 8). 

[0269](5) Synthesis of compound 9 

[0270]Hydrazine hydrate (2.4 mL, 98%) was added to a DMF (20 mL) solution of compound 8 (2.0 g) at room temperature. After the addition was complete, the mixture was heated to 120 °C and stirred for 16 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was slowly poured into ice water and stirred. The mixture was filtered, the solid was washed with water, and the solid was collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 1.3 g of yellow solid. Yield: 67% (i.e., compound 9). 

[0271](6) Synthesis of compound 10 

[0272]Compound 9 (12.4 g) and palladium on carbon (7 g, 10%) were added sequentially to 400 mL of ethyl acetate at 15°C. After the addition was complete, the mixture was stirred for 18 hours under hydrogen protection at 15°C. The palladium on carbon was filtered off from the reaction solution, and the filtrate was concentrated and evaporated to dryness to obtain 10.4 g of white solid product, with a yield of 99% (i.e., compound 10). 

[0273](7) Synthesis of compound 12 

[0274]EDCI.HCl (2.6 g) was added to a Py (15 mL) solution of compound 10 (1.5 g) and compound 11 (1.4 g) at 25°C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25°C for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated and evaporated to dryness. The residue was slurried by passing MeOH/H₂O ( 20 mL/20 mL) to obtain 1.3 g of a yellow solid product, with a yield of 48% (i.e., compound 12). 

[0275](8) Synthesis of compound A 

[0276]

[0277]Cesium carbonate (985 mg) was added to 5 mL of a DMF solution containing compound 12 (300 mg) and compound 5 (344 mg) at 25°C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 90°C for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was then added to 30 mL of water and extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL × 3). The organic phase was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a column (CH3CN : 

H2O ( 

0.1 % NH4HCO3 

) = 15-45%, UV: 214 nm, Flowrate: 15 mL/min) to obtain 70 mg of a yellow solid, with a yield of 17% (i.e., compound A).

[0278]

1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ14.16(s,1H),8.78(s,1H),8.34(s,1H),8.32-8.30(m,1H),7.77(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.58(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.13(s,1H),4.45(s,1H),4.43-4.40(m,1H),3.95(s,3H),2.53(s,3H),2.09-2.00(m,4H),1.68-1.58(m,4H),1.22(s,3H).LCMS:Rt=3.646min,[M+H] +=411.1.

PAT

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Friday, 2 October 2026

Napazimone

 

Napazimone

CAS 1800405-30-4

MF C14H12N2O2 MW240.26 g/mol

2-(propan-2-yl)-1H-naphtho[1,2-d]imidazole-4,5-dione
NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO1) activator, KL 1333, KL-1333, NA2ZOL5UGM

Napazimone (also known as KL1333) is an investigational small molecule drug currently being developed for the treatment of primary mitochondrial disease. It is an orally available modulator that aims to improve energy production in patients with rare genetic conditions affecting mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). 

Mechanism of Action

According to ProbeChem.com and Synapse, Napazimone works through the following mechanisms:

  • NAD+ Modulation: It increases intracellular levels of NAD+ by reacting with the enzyme NQO1, which helps shift the NAD+/NADH ratio.
  • Signaling Pathway Activation: The drug activates the SIRT1/AMPK/PGC-1α signaling network, which is critical for regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and function.
  • Mitochondrial Improvement: In laboratory studies using MELAS (Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like episodes) fibroblasts, the compound increased ATP levels and decreased harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lactate. 

Clinical Development and Indications

Napazimone is being developed by Pharming Group for adult patients with primary mitochondrial disease, a condition often characterized by extreme fatigue and muscle weakness. 

  • Trial Status: As of early 2026, the drug is in Phase II/III clinical trials.
  • FALCON Trial: A pivotal study known as the FALCON trial is currently ongoing, with a data readout expected in 2027.
  • Potential Indications: It is primarily being investigated for mtDNA-driven mitochondrial diseases and has shown potential in research for protecting against hearing loss (ototoxicity) caused by chemotherapy drugs like cisplatin. 

Chemical Properties

The following specifications are provided by Inxight Drugs and PubChem:

  • Chemical Name: 2-isopropyl-3H-naphtho[1, 2-d]imidazole-4,5-dione.
  • Molecular Formula: C14H12N2O2.
  • Molecular Weight: 240.26 g/mol. 

Would you like more information on the FALCON clinical trial or details about the mitochondrial diseases Napazimone is intended to treat?

  • Efficacy of KL1333 in Adult Patients With Primary Mitochondrial DiseaseCTID: NCT05650229Phase: Phase 2Status: RecruitingDate: 2025-10-09
  • A Phase Ia/Ib, SAD and MAD Study of of KL1333 in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Primary Mitochondrial DiseaseCTID: NCT03888716Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2021-10-20
  • Drug-drug Interaction Study of KL1333 in Healthy SubjectsCTID: NCT04643249Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2021-10-20
  • Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetic Study of KL1333 in Healthy Male VolunteersCTID: NCT03056209Phase: Phase 1Status: CompletedDate: 2018-04-27

SYN

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2015102371&_cid=P21-MLPZ73-91594-1

Example 1 [Synthesis of Compound 1]: 2-isopropyl-lH-naphtho [2, l-d] imidazole-4,5-dione

1) IStep Pyridine (5 ml) is added to compound A (4-amino-1 -naphthol hydrochloride, 500 mg, 2.55 mmol), and the ice bath is dehydrated and cooled. This is followed by dropwise isobutyric anhydride (1.7 ml, 10.2 mmol). The reaction product is stirred for 2.5 hours at the same temperature. The reactants are quenched with methanol and concentrated under reduced pressure to remove any pyridine. After adding EA and distilled water, adjust pH to about 6.5 with 1 N HC1 solution, and then wash the organic layer several times to remove the remaining pyridine. The organic layer was dried over Na 2 S0 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrated reaction product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain compound B-1 (686 mg, 90%).

2) 2Step

 Add Acetic anhydride (3 ml) to Compound B-1 (300 mg, 1.00 mmol) and dropwise fuming nitric acid (0.20 ml, 2.00 mmol) at 0 ° C. The reaction product is stirred for 1 hour and then filtered. The filtered solid is then washed several times with Hexane with compound B-2. compound B-2 (217 mg, 63%).

1 H NMR (300 MHz, Acetone-d 6 ) δ 9.55 (s, IH), 8.33 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, IH), 8.06 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, IH), 7.86 (s, IH), 7.81-7.73 (m, 2H), 3.16-3.07 (m, IH), 2.96-2.87 (m, IH), 1.41 (d, J-7.0 Hz, 6H), 1.25 (d, J-7.0 Hz, 6H)

3) 3 Step

 Compound B-2 (500 mg, 1.45 mmol) is dissolved in ethanol (5 ml), and then Pd / C (50 mg) and Hydrazine (0.29 ml, 5.81 mmol) are added in this order. The reaction is allowed to react for 1 hour at 70 degrees. The reaction product is cooled to room temperature and the Pelite / C is removed by celite filter. The filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain compound B-3 (232 mg, 51%).

MR NMR (300 MHz, CD 3 OD) δ 8.02 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, IH), 7.50 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, IH), 7.35 (t, J-8.0 Hz, IH), 7.13 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, IH), 6.47 (s, IH), 2.85-2.83 (m, IH), 1.31 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 6H)

 LC-MS m / z 245.1 (M + l)

4) 4Step

 Acetic acid (15 ml) is added to Compound B-3 (700 mg, 2.86 mmol), and the mixture is stirred and refluxed for 3 hours. Acetic acid is removed by concentration under reduced pressure, and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain compound B-4 (575 mg, 89%) ¾-

MR NMR (300 MHz, CD 3 OD) δ 8.30 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.60 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, IH), 7.47

(t, J = 8.1 Hz, IH), 6.99 (s, IH), 3.35-3.28 (m, IH), 1.46 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 6H)

 LC-MS m / z 227.0 (M + l)

5) 5 Step

Dissolve DMF (2.5 ml) in Compound B-4 (50 mg, 0.22 mmol), and add IBX (159 mg, 0.26 mmol). The reaction is reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. After adding EA, the organic layer is washed with NaHC0 3 saturated aqueous solution. The separated organic layer was dried over MgS0 4 and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by column chromatography to obtain compound B-5 (47 mg, 89%).

1 H NM (300 MHz, CDC1 3 ) δ 9.96 (NH, s, IH), 8.06 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, IH), 7.99 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, IH), 7.65 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, IH), 7.44 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, IH), 3.26-3.17 (m, IH), 1.45 (d, j = 7.0 Hz, 6H)

PAT

1,2-naphthoquinone based derivative and method of preparing the same

Publication Number: US-10766882-B2

Priority Date: 2013-12-30

Grant Date: 2020-09-08

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Navepdekinra

 

Navepdekinra

CAS 2467732-66-5

MF C33H48FN7O4 MW625.78

1H-Pyrazole-5-carboxamide, 1-ethyl-N-[(1S)-2-[[2-fluoro-4-[(1S,2R)-1-methyl-3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-oxo-2-[(1-oxopropyl)amino]propyl]phenyl]amino]-1-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)-2-oxoethyl]-

1-ethyl-N-{(1S)-2-{2-fluoro-4-[(2S,3R)-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-3-propanamidobutan-2-yl]anilino}-1-[(1r,4S)-4-methylcyclohexyl]-2-oxoethyl}-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide

1-ethyl-N-{(1S)-2-{2-fluoro-4-[(2S,3R)-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-3-propanamidobutan-2-
yl]anilino}-1-[(1r,4S)-4-methylcyclohexyl]-2-oxoethyl}-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide
interleukin-17A (IL-17A) inhibitor, anti-inflammatory, DC-806, LY4100504, DC 806, LY 4100504, Y64F9MC2QM

Navepdekinra (also known as DC-806 or LY4100504) is an experimental, orally active small-molecule inhibitor of interleukin-17A (IL-17A). It was primarily developed to treat autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, such as psoriasis, by disrupting the interaction between IL-17A and its receptor.

Key Properties and Development

  • Mechanism: It is a potent inhibitor with an IC50 of 10.81 nM, designed to provide an oral alternative to existing injectable IL-17 biologic therapies.
  • Acquisition: The drug was originally developed by DICE Therapeutics, which was acquired by Eli Lilly and Company in 2023 for approximately $2.4 billion to bolster their immunology pipeline.

Navepdekinra (DC-806) is an orally active, potent interleukin-17A (IL-17A) inhibitor (IC50 = 10.81 nM). Navepdekinra disrupts the IL-17A protein-receptor interaction, suppressing the downstream pro-inflammatory signaling pathway. Navepdekinra inhibits arthritis in a collage-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. Navepdekinra can be used for psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis

SYN

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US300737225&_cid=P12-MLRFH1-76079-1

Example 210: N-[(2R,3S)-3-{4-[(2S)-2-[(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)formamido]-2-[(1r,4S)-4-methylcyclo hexyl]acetamido]-3-fluorophenyl}-1-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1-oxobutan-2-yl]propanamide) (234)

 Following General Procedure R, 0.227 g, 0.310 mmol, 1.0 eq) of 82d in DMF (1 mL) were added 1-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid (0.052 g, 0.372 mmol, 1.2 eq), DIPEA (0.43 mL, 2.482 mmol, 8.0 eq) and then HATU (0.177 g, 0.465 mmol, 1.5 eq.) and the resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated to dryness and the residue was purified via reverse phase column chromatography on a 120 g C18 cartridge eluting with a 5-95% H 2O:MeCN eluent (0.1% ammonia) to afford 234 (0.025 g) as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ 9.86 (s, 1H), 8.46 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.26 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (t, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.15-7.07 (m, 1H), 7.05-6.97 (m, 2H), 4.86 (t, J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.46-3.38 (m, 2H), 3.29-3.14 (m, 2H), 3.12-2.99 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.03 (m, 5H), 1.98 (s, 3H), 1.81 (ddt, J=15.0, 9.9, 5.6 Hz, 2H), 1.74-1.60 (m, 4H), 1.58-1.47 (m, 1H), 1.28 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 4H), 1.20 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 1.14-1.02 (m, 1H), 0.99 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.93-0.87 (m, 1H), 0.86 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 3H). UPLC-MS (basic 4 min): rt=1.76 min; m/z=626.4 for [M+H] +.

PAT

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2021055376&_cid=P12-MLRFH1-76079-1

Example 1: Exemplary Scheme—Synthesis of Intermediate Compounds 62a-62d

PAT

IL-17 Ligands And Uses Thereof

Publication Number: US-2020247785-A1

Priority Date: 2019-02-06

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Naxtarubicin, Annamycin

 

Naxtarubicin, Annamycin

CAS 92689-49-1

MF C26H25IO11 MW 640.4 g/mol

2'-Iodo-3'-hydroxy-4'-epi-4-demethoxydoxorubicin

(7S,9S)-7-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-iodo-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione

(7S,9S)-7-[(2,6-dideoxy-2-iodo-α-L-mannopyranosyl)oxy]-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-7,8,9,10-
tetrahydrotetracene-5,12-dione
DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor, antineoplastic, Annamycin, Annamycin-LF, Annamycin-liposomal, L-ANNA, L-annamycin, Liposomal annamycin, S-ANNA, SNU299M83Q

  • OriginatorUniversity of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
  • DeveloperAronex Pharmaceuticals; Callisto Pharmaceuticals; Moleculin Biotech; University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
  • ClassAnthracyclines; Antineoplastics; Cytostatic antibiotics; Small molecules
  • Mechanism of ActionType II DNA topoisomerase inhibitors
  • Orphan Drug StatusYes - Soft tissue sarcoma; Precursor cell lymphoblastic leukaemia-lymphoma; Acute myeloid leukaemia
  • Phase II/IIIAcute myeloid leukaemia
  • Phase IIOvarian cancer
  • Phase I/IISoft tissue sarcoma
  • PreclinicalColorectal cancer; Liver cancer; Pancreatic cancer; Solid tumours
  • DiscontinuedChronic myeloid leukaemia; Precursor cell lymphoblastic leukaemia-lymphoma; Triple negative breast cancer
  • 30 Oct 2025Moleculin biotech plans future regulatory filings based on data from phase III MIRACLE trial
  • 29 Oct 2025Moleculin Biotech has patent protection for Naxtarubicin in Australia
  • 23 Oct 2025Moleculin Biotech plans to submit an IND application to the US FDA for Pancreatic cancer

Naxtarubicin is a lipophilic, anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic.Naxtarubicin intercalates into DNA and inhibits topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair as well as inhibiting RNA and protein synthesis. This agent appears to not be a substrate for the p-glycoprotein associated multidrug-resistance (MDR) transporter; therefore, overcoming the resistance pattern seen with other anthracycline compounds.

Annamycin is an anthracycline antibiotic being investigated for the treatment of cancer.

SYN

US 4537882

The reaction of racemic 4-demethoxydaunomycinone (I) with Br2 followed by hydrolysis in basic medium gives 4-demethoxyadriamycinone (II), which is treated with tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride and imidazole in DMF to yield the monoprotected compound (III). The condensation of (III) with 3,4-di-O-acetyl-2,6-dideoxy-2-iodo-alpha-L-mannopyranose (IV) by means of N-iodosuccinimide (NIS), followed by chromatographic separation of the diastereomers affords (7S,9S)-14-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-4-demethoxy-7-O-(3,4-di-O-acetyl-2,6-dideoxy-2-iodo-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)adriamycinone (V). The hydrolysis of (V) with sodium methoxide in methanol gives the silylated compound (VI), which is finally desilylated with tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) in dichloromethane/THF/pyridine.

SYN

https://patents.google.com/patent/US5977327A/en

EXAMPLE VIIIPURIFICATION OF ANNAMYCIN

Crude product was purified further by triple precipitation from THF. To accomplish this, approximately 87 mL of THF was used to redissolve each gram of Annamycin product and an equal volume of one of the following solvents was added to precipitate the Annamycin in each successive precipitation step. In the preferred method, the first precipitation was accomplished by adding an equal volume of a 7:3 mixture of hexane\diethylether, the second precipitation was accomplished by the addition of an equal volume of hexane, and the third precipitation was by addition of an equal volume of water and evaporation of half of the THF. Product obtained in this way (9.0146 g; 59%) was a complex containing 3 molecules of Annamycin per 2 molecules of THF and its purity by HPLC analysis was better than 98%. HPLC analysis was on an analytical C-18 reverse phase column with increasing concentrations of methanol/acetonitrile in water. The purity was determined by measuring the area of the absorbance peaks. 1 H NMR (DMSO-d6) d 1.20 (d, 3H, J6', 5' =6.2 Hz, H-6'), 1.75 (m, 2.7H, Ha from THF), 2.10 (dd, 1H, J8a,7 =5.6 Hz, J8a,8e =14.5 Hz, H-8a), 2.18 (dd, 1H, J8e,8a =14.8 Hz, J8e,7 =2.9 Hz, H-8e), 250 (DMSO peak), 2.75 (dd, 1H, J3',2' =3.9 Hz, J3',4' =8.8 Hz, H-3'), 2.95 (d, 1H, J10a,10e =18.4 Hz, H-10a), 3.00 (d, 1H, J10e,10a =18.4 Hz, H-10e), 3.20 (t, 1H, SJ=18.1 Hz, H-4'), 3.59 (m, 2.7H, Hb from THF), 3.95 (m, 1H, H-5'), 4.30 (d, 1H, J2',3' =4.0 Hz, H-2'), 4.55 (s, 2H, H-14), 4.89 (t, 1H, exchangeable, OH), 4.92 (m, 1H, H-7), 5.18 (d, 1H, exchangeable, OH), 5.38 (d, 1H, exchangeable, OH), 5.49 (s, 1H, H-1'), 5.50 (d, 1H, exchangeable, OH), 7.9, 8.4 (2m, 4H,H-1,2,3,4); 13 C NMR (DMSO-d6) d 17.0(s, 1C, C-6'), 24.5 (s, 1C, THFb), 31.7 (s, 1C, C-2'), 31.9 (s, 1C, C-10), 36.4 (s, 1C, C-8), 63.0 (s, 1C, C-3'), 66.4 (s, 1C, C-5'), 67.4 (s, 1C, THFa), 69.4, 13 C-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 17.9 (s, 1C, C-6'), 25.1 (s, 1C, THFb), 40.6, 36.6, 32.1 (3s, 3C, C-2',8,10), 63.6 (s, 1C, C-14), 67.0, 67.5, 70.4, 69.7 (4s, 4C, C-7, 5', 3', THFa), 74.2, 74.7 (2s, 2C, C-9, 4'), 104.5 (s, 1C, C-1'), 110.1, 110.8 (2s, 1C, C-11a, 5a), 126.6, 132.6, 132.8, 134.4, 135.1, 135.0, 136.0 (7s, 8C, C-2, 3, 1, 4, 4a, 12a, 10a), 136.0 (s, 1C, C-6a), 155.1, 156.4 (2s, 2C, C-6, 11), 186.2, 186.3 (2s, 2C, C-5, 12), 214 (s, 1C, C-13).

SYN

WO-9739007-A1

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO1997039007&_cid=P11-MLSUQX-01231-1

SYN

WO-9639121-A1

SYN

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO1998003522&_cid=P11-MLSUWB-04506-1

EXAMPLE I. SYNTHESIS OF (+)-4-DEMETHOXY-14-O-TERT-BUTYL
DIMETHYLSILYL-7-O-(2,6-DIDEOXY-2-IODO-α-L-MANNOPYRANOSYL)ADRIAMYCINONE (8)
To a solution consisting of a mixture of compounds (6) and (7), shown in Figure 1 , (1.8530g, 2.21mmol) in CH2CI2 (48 mL) and EtOH (16 mL), a IN MeONa solution in MeOH (1.6 mL) was added at room temperature with stirring. Next 1.6 mL of a IN MeONa solution in MeOH (1.6 mL) was added after 50 min. After 1.5 hr. the reaction was checked by TLC developed with CCl4/MeOH (96:4), and the reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (300 mL) and 0.05N HCL (100 mL) was added. The resulting mixture was shaken in a separatory funnel and, after separation, the organic layer was washed with water (2 x 50 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and evaporated. The residue left after evaporation was precipitated from 4 mL of CH2CI2 by addition of 35 mL of hexane. The precipitate was filtered, washed with hexane (40 mL) and then dried in vacuo (1 lmbar) at ambient temperature for 30 min. to give crude product (8) (1.3618g, 82%). The crude product was then filtered through silica with a solution of 95:5 toluene/acetone and precipitated from CH2CI2 by addition of hexane. Product was then dried in vacuo (1 lmbar) at ambient temperature for 30 minutes to give pure compound (8) (1.358g; 55%): ^H NMR d 0.15 (s, 6H, Me2Si), 0.95 (s, 9H, CMe3), 1.40 (d, 3H, J6',5'=6.2Hz, H-6'), 2.18 (dd, 1H, J8a,7=4.4Hz, J8a,8e=l 5.0Hz, H-8a), 2.35 (d, 1H, J8e,8a=14.9Hz, H-8e), 2.85 (dd, 1H, J3',2'*=4-0Hz, J3'54'=8.9Hz, H-3'), 3.02 (d, 1H, Jl0a,10e=19.0Hz, H-lOa), 3.24 (d, 1H, Jl0e,10a=l 9.0Hz, H-lOe), 3.58 (t, 1H, SJ=18.2Hz, H-4'), 3.94 (m, 1H, H-5'), 4.18 (s, 1H, 9OH), 4.54 (d, 1H, J2',3'=3.9Hz, H-2') 4.84, 4.90 (2d, 2H, H-14), 5.22 (bs, 1H, H-7), 5.75 (s, 1H, H-l'), 7.9, 8.4 (2m, 4H, H-1,2,3,4).

EXAMPLE II. DESILYLATION IN THF/HCl
To a solution of compound (8), (16.5928g, 21.99mmol) in THF (415 mL), IN HC1 (415 mL) was added. After 25 minutes the progress of the reaction was checked by TLC developed in toluene/acetone (6:4 or 5:1) and half of the THF was evaporated in vacuo at 20°C (35mbar). The precipitate was filtered off and washed with water until the pH reached neutral (14 x 40 mL), then washed with ether (Et2θ, 5 x 32 mL) and subsequently with water (3 x 40 mL). The crude product was pre-dried on a Buchner funnel and then dried in vacuo (0.08mbar) at room temperature for 38 hrs.
EXAMPLE III. DESILYLATION IN METHANOL/HC1
To a solution/suspension of compound (8) (1.0064 g, 1.33 mmol) in methanol (45 mL), IN HC1 (10 mL) was added. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC developed in toluene/acetone, 6:4 and chloroform methanol, 94:6. After 45 min. 5 mL of IN HC1 solution was added to the reaction mixture. After 1 hr. 15 min. the product of the reaction was precipitated by addition of 30 mL water and filtered off. Product was washed with water until neutral pH (4 x 10 mL), diethylether (3 x 10 mL) and again with water (2 x 10 mL). Crude product was pre-dried on Buchner funnel and then dried in vacuo (0.1 mbar) at room temperature for 24 hrs. to give 0.6722 g (79% yield) of deep red powder.
EXAMPLE IV. DESILYLATION IN METHANOL/H2SO4
To a solution suspension of compound (8) (1.0065 g, 1.33 mmol) in methanol (45 mL), 10 mL of IN H2SO4 was added. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC developed in toluene/acetone, 6:4 and chloroform/methanol, 94:6. After 15 min. the product of the reaction was precipitated by adding 35 mL of water and filtered off. Product was washed with water until neutral pH (4 x 10 mL), diethylethe (3 x 10 mL) and again with water (2 x 10 mL). Crude product was pre-dried on Buchner funnel and then dried in vacuo (0.1 mbar) at room temperature for 24 hrs. to give 0.6318 g (74% yield) of deep red powder. EXAMPLE V. DESILYLATION IN ACETONE/H2SO4
To a solution of compound (8) (0.7592 g, 1.01 mmol) in acetone (30 mL) 3.5 mL IN H2SO4 was added. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC developed in toluene/acetone, 6:4 and chloroform/methanol, 94:6. After 1 hr. the product of the reaction was precipitated by addition of 35 mL water and filtered off. The product was washed with water until neutral pH (4 x 10 mL), dicthyleher (3 x 10 mL) and again with water (2 x 10 mL). Crude product was pre-dried on Buchner funnel and then dried in vacuo (0.1 mbar) at room temperature for 48 hrs. to give 0.4994 g (77% yield) of deep red powder.

EXAMPLE VI. DESILYLATION IN DMSO/HC1
To a solution of compound (8) (0.7815 g, 1.04 mmol) in DMSO (30 mL) 7.5 mL of IN HC1 was added. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC developed in toluene/acetone, 6:4 and chloroform/methanol, 94:6. After 1 hr. 20 min. the product of the reaction was precipitated by addition of water (37 mL) and filtered off. The product was washed with water until neutral pH (4 x 10 mL), dietheylether (3 x 10 mL) and again with water (2 x 10 mL). Crude product was pre-dried on Buchner funnel and then dried in vacuo (0.1 mbar) at room temperature for 48 hrs. to give 0.5165 g (78% yield) of deep red powder. EXAMPLE VII. DESILYLATION IN DMSO/H2SO
To a solution of compound (8) (0.7613 g, 1.01 mmol) in DMSO (5 mL) and ethanol

(10 mL) 1 mL of IN H2SO4 was added. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC developed in toluene/acetone, 6:4 and chloroform/methanol, 94:6. After 1 hr. 10 min. product of the reaction was precipitated by addition of water (15 mL) and filtered off. Product was washed with water until neutral pH (4 x 10 mL), diethylether (3 x 10 mL) and again with water (2 x 10 mL). Crude product was pre-dried on Buchner funnel and then dried in vacuo (0.1 mbar) at room temperature for 48 hrs. to give 0.5338 g (83% yield) of deep red powder. EXAMPLE VIII. PURIFICATION OF ANNAMYCIN
Crude product was purified further by triple precipitation from THF. To accomplish this, approximately 87 mL of THF was used to redissolve each gram of Annamycin product and an equal volume of one of the following solvents was added to precipitate the .Annamycin in each successive precipitation step. In the preferred method, the first precipitation was accomplished by adding an equal volume of a 7:3 mixture of hexane\diethylether, the second precipitation was accomplished by the addition of an equal volume of hexane, and the third precipitation was by addition of an equal volume of water and evaporation of half of the THF. Product obtained in this way (9.0146g; 59%) was a complex containing 3 molecules of .Annamycin per 2 molecules of THF and its purity by HPLC analysis was better than 98%. HPLC analysis was on an analytical C-18 reverse phase column with increasing concentrations of methanol/acetonitrile in water. The purity was determined by measuring the area of the absorbance peaks. H NMR (DMSO-d6) d 1.20 (d, 3H, J6',5'-=6.2Hz, H-6'), 1.75 (m, 2.7H, Ha from THF), 2.10 (dd, IH, J8a,7=5.6Hz, J8a,8e=14.5Hz, H-8a), 2.18 (dd, IH, J8e,8a=14.8Hz, J8e,7=2.9Hz, H-8e), 2.50 (DMSO peak), 2.75 (dd, IH, J3',2'=3.9Hz, J3',4'=8.8Hz, H-3'), 2.95 (d, IH, Jl0a,10e=18.4Hz, H-10a), 3.00 (d, IH, Jl0e,10a=18.4Hz, H-lOe), 3.20 (t, IH, SJ=18.1Hz, H-4'), 3.59 (m, 2.7H, Hb from THF), 3.95 (m, IH, H-5'), 4.30 (d, IH, J2',3'=4.0Hz, H-2'), 4.55 (s, 2H, H-14), 4.89 (t, IH, exchangeable, OH), 4.92 (m, IH, H-7), 5.18 (d, IH, exchangeable, OH), 5.38 (d, IH, exchangeable, OH), 5.49 (s, IH, H-l'), 5.50 (d, IH, exchangeable, OH), 7.9, 8.4 (2m, 4H,H- 1,2,3,4); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6) d 17.0(s, IC, C-6'), 24.5 (s, IC, THFb), 31.7 (s, IC, C-2'), 31.9 (s, IC, C-10), 36.4 (s, IC, C-8), 63.0 (s, IC, C-3'), 66.4 (s, IC, C-5'), 67.4 (s, IC, THFa), 69.4, ,3C-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 17.9 (s, IC, C-6'), 25.1 (s, IC, THFb), 40.6, 36.6, 32.1 (3s, 3C, C-2', 8, 10), 63.6 (s, IC, C-14), 67.0, 67.5, 70.4, 69.7 (4s, 4C, C-7, 5', 3', THFa), 74.2, 74.7 (2s, 2C, C-9, 4'), 104.5 (s, IC, C-l'), 110.1, 110.8 (2s, IC, C-lla, 5a), 126.6, 132.6, 132.8, 134.4, 135.1, 135.0, 136.0 (7s, 8C, C-2, 3, 1, 4, 4a, 12a, 10a), 136.0 (s, IC, C-6a), 155.1, 156.4 (2s, 2C, C-6, 11), 186.2, 186.3 (2s, 2C, C-5, 12), 214 (s, IC, C-13).

PAT

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Further reading

External links

Clinical data
ATC codenone
Identifiers
IUPAC name
CAS Number92689-49-1 
PubChem CID115212
ChemSpider103088 
UNIISNU299M83Q
KEGGD12844
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)DTXSID901027238 
ECHA InfoCard100.235.298 
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC26H25IO11
Molar mass640.379 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)Interactive image
SMILES
InChI

//////////naxtarubicin, DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor, antineoplastic, Annamycin, Annamycin-LF, Annamycin-liposomal, L-ANNA, L-annamycin, Liposomal annamycin, S-ANNA, SNU299M83Q

#naxtarubicin, #DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor, #antineoplastic, #Annamycin, #Annamycin-LF, #Annamycin-liposomal, #L-ANNA, #L-annamycin, #Liposomal annamycin, #S-ANNA, #SNU299M83Q

Nedemelteon

 

Nedemelteon

CAS 1000334-38-2

MF C15H18N2O2 MW258.32

N-[2-[(8S)-2-methyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-cyclopenta[g][1,3]benzoxazol-8-yl]ethyl]acetamide

N-{2-[(8S)-2-methyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-indeno[5,4-d][1,3]oxazol-8-yl]ethyl}acetamide
melatonin receptor agonist, CW62HV1TTF, MT1/2 Agonist (S)-3b

Nedemelteon is a melatonin receptor agonist.

Nedemelteon is a small molecule drug. The usage of the INN stem '-melteon' in the name indicates that Nedemelteon is a melatonin receptor agonist. Nedemelteon has a monoisotopic molecular weight of 258.14 Da.

SYN

Discovery of a Potent and Orally Bioavailable Melatonin Receptor Agonist

Publication Name: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry

Publication Date: 2021-03-08

PMID: 33682410

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01836

SYN

US8552037,

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=US76841372&_cid=P22-MLU9PK-87296-1

EXAMPLE 11

N-[2-(2-Methyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-indeno[5,4-d][1,3]oxazol-8-yl)ethyl]acetamide

N-[2-(2-Methyl-6,7-dihydro-8H-indeno[5,4-d][1,3]oxazol-8-ylidene)ethyl]acetamide (165 mg, 0.644 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (6.4 mL), a 10% palladium-carbon powder (82 mg) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hr under a hydrogen atmosphere. The catalyst was filtered off using celite, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate/methanol=100/0→95/5) to give the title compound (148 mg, yield 89%).
       1H-NMR (CDCl 3) δ: 1.69-1.96 (2H, m), 1.99 (3H, s), 2.23-2.50 (2H, m), 2.63 (3H, s), 2.89-3.15 (2H, m), 3.28-3.56 (3H, m), 5.54 (1H, brs), 7.15 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.44 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz),
      melting point: 93-95° C. (recrystallized from hexane/ethyl acetate),
      MS (ESI+): 259 (M+H),
      Elemental analysis: for C 15H 18N 2O 2
      Calcd. (%): C, 69.74; H, 7.02; N, 10.84
      Found (%): C, 69.77; H, 6.97; N, 10.95.

EXAMPLE 12

(S)-N-[2-(2-Methyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-indeno[5,4-d][1,3]oxazol-8-yl)ethyl]acetamide

Racemic N-[2-(2-methyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-indeno[5,4-d][1,3]oxazol-8-yl)ethyl]acetamide (768 mg, 3.00 mmol) was fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography (instrument: Prep LC 2000 (manufactured by Nihon Waters K.K.), column: CHIRALPAK AD (50 mmID×500 mL, manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.), mobile phase: hexane/ethanol/diethylamine=90/10/0.1, flow rate: 60 mL/min, column temperature: 30° C., sample concentration: 1.02 mg/mL, injection weight: 31 mg). A fraction containing an optically active compound having a shorter retention time under the above-mentioned high performance liquid chromatography conditions was concentrated. The concentrate was re-dissolved in ethanol, and concentrated to dryness. Hexane was added again, and the mixture was concentrated to dryness to give the title compound (381 mg, 99.9% ee). Enantiomer excess (ee) was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (column: CHIRALPAK AD (4.6 mmID×250 mL, manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.), mobile phase: hexane/ethanol/diethylamine=90/10/0.1, flow rate: 0.5 mL/min, column temperature: 30° C., sample concentration: 0.65 mg/mL (hexane/ethanol), injection volume: 10 μL).
       1H-NMR (CDCl 3) δ: 1.69-1.96 (2H, m), 1.99 (3H, s), 2.23-2.50 (2H, m), 2.63 (3H, s), 2.89-3.15 (2H, m), 3.28-3.56 (3H, m), 5.54 (1H, brs), 7.15 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.44 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz),
      melting point: 111-113° C. (recrystallized from hexane/ethyl acetate),
      MS (ESI+): 259 (M+H),
      [α] D 20: −53.4° (c 0.5035, methanol),
      Elemental analysis: for C 15H 18N 2O 2
      Calcd. (%): C, 69.74; H, 7.02; N, 10.84
      Found (%): C, 69.53; H, 7.01; N, 10.96.

SYN

WO-2007148808

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2007148808&_cid=P22-MLU9Y2-93563-1

Example 12
(S) -N- [2- (2-Methyl-7, 8-dihydro-6H-indeno [5, 4-d] [1, 3] oxazol-8-yl) ethyl] acetamide



Racemic N- [2- (2-methyl-7, 8-dihydro-6H-indeno [5, 4-d] [1,3] oxazol-8-yl) ethyl] acetamide (768 mg, 3.00 mmol) was fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography
(instrument: Prep LC 2000 (manufactured by Nihon Waters K.K.), column: CHIRΔLPAK AD (50 mmID x 500 mmL, manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.), mobile phase:
hexane/ethanol/diethylamine=90/10/0.1, flow rate: 60 mL/min, column temperature: 30°C, sample concentration: 1.02 mg/mL, injection weight: 31 mg) . A fraction containing an optically active compound having a shorter retention time under the above-mentioned high performance liquid chromatography conditions was concentrated. The concentrate was re-dissolved in ethanol, and concentrated to dryness. Hexane was added again, and the mixture was concentrated to dryness to give the title compound (381 mg, 99.9%ee). Enantiomer excess (ee) was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (column: CHIRALPAK AD (4.6 mmID x 250 mmL, manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.), mobile phase: hexane/ethanol/diethylamine=90/10/0.1, flow rate: 0.5 mL/min, column temperature: 300C, sample concentration:

0.65 mg/mL (hexane/ethanol) , injection volume: 10 μL) .
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.69 - 1.96 (2H, m) , 1.99 (3H, s) , 2.23 - 2.50 (2H, m) , 2.63 (3H, s) , 2.89 - 3.15 (2H, m) , 3.28 - 3.56 (3H, m) ,

5.54 (IH, brs), 7.15 (IH, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.44 (IH, d, J = 8.0Hz),
melting point: 111 - 113°C (recrystallized from hexane/ethyl acetate) ,
MS (ESI+) : 259 (M+H) ,
[α] D20: -53.4° (c 0.5035, methanol),
Elemental analysis: for Ci5Hi8N2O2
Calcd. (%) : C, 69.74; H, 7.02; N, 10.84
Found (%) : C, 69.53; H, 7.01; N, 10.96.

PAT

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///////////nedemelteon, melatonin receptor agonist, CW62HV1TTF, MT1/2 Agonist (S)-3b

#nedemelteon, #melatonin receptor agonist, #CW62HV1TTF, #MT1/2 Agonist (S)-3b